america poem by william cullen bryant summary

The next spring, Bryant accepted an invitation from Charles Leupp, an art patron and Bryants longtime associate in the Sketch Club, to be his travel companion. Short Poems about America. By spring, The Embargo; or, Sketches of the Times, A Satire, by a Youth of Thirteen, a pamphlet of a dozen pages, quickly sold out. Published in 1864 for his 70th birthday, Thirty Poems sealed Bryants reputation as a Fireside Poet: augustly unassailable, yet fusty. No such judgment has been recorded, but if he had a low opinion of his talent for such writing, it seems unlikely that he would have embarked on The Talisman, given its major emphasis on fiction. But in "Thanatopsis" (from the Greek "a view of death"), which he wrote when he was 17 and which made him famous when it was published in The North American Review in Read More In comparison, his original work was meager. His most conspicuous achievement as a student, Descriptio Gulielmopolis, satirically expressed discontent with Williamstown and living conditions at the college; still more disappointing was the absence of intellectual zest among pale-faced, moping students [who] crawl / Like spectral monuments of woe. The academic program offered little stimulation: only two tutors were responsible for instruction of all sophomores, and the courses were far afield of his interests. With words of shame And taunts of scorn they join thy name. To palliate his loss, Bryant made a last trip to Europe, taking Julia along. Indeed, he was careful to screen his poetic activities, lest the local inhabitants think he entertained lofty notions about himself or lacked a proper seriousness. The following year, Bryant finished only Green River, a skillfully wrought hymn to Nature, reminiscent of the earlier Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood. It ends, ruefully, with the poet envying the stream, free to glide in a trance of song, while he, bound to his office, is forced to drudge for the dregs of men, / And scrawl strange words with the barbarous pen. A second poem, The Burial-Place, contrasted the graves of England, adorned with symbolic plants of remembrance, with those of New England, neglected by the Pilgrims and left to Natures vegetation, but this promising conceit remained a fragment, its development unresolved. The birth of a third child, another boy, further squeezed financial prospects, and six months before young Cullens fifth birthday, the Bryants resumed residence with Sarahs parents. National economic woes further hurt revenues, and the, Financial stability made more active pursuit of his diverse interests possible. Because the poems submitted were in two different handwritings, the editors assumed for many months following their September publication that they were the work of two different poets: father and son. Takes in the encircling vastness. Two of the Literary Gazette poems are rhymed: Rizpah, a Bible story in the vein of Greek tragedy, which Poe disparaged for the poets frisky indulgence in a rhythm singularly ill-adapted to the lamentations of the bereaved mother; and Mutation, a sonnet about the need to let agony pass and to accept death as a function of constant change. As 1833 was closing, he looked forward to a respite in Europe with his family, and he began arranging for his friend Leggett to fill in for him at the Evening Post. Lib. Bryant agreed, though he soon wearied of the task of furnishing the most tedious of all reading. The two parts were published in 1872 and 1874. Bryant accepted, overcoming his usual trepidation about public speaking, but instead of preparing an address, he chose to compose for recitation The Ages, a poem of epic scope. The collegiate venture, however, did not survive the year. Four years later, he was a principal supporter of Abraham Lincoln, and after the Civil War began, he became a forceful advocate of abolition. The poetry of his middle age, however, lacked the vibrancy of his early work. Upon his arrival, he boarded with a French family so that he might polish the language he had first studied with his father. And healing sympathy, that steals away. In 1820, during a period when public speaking still frightened him, he had orated against the Missouri Compromise and denounced his senator, Daniel Webster, for brokering passage of such a morally repugnant law. Social isolation fostered romantic sensibilities that would suit the evolving tastes of the new century. Even so, his fiction deserves more respect than it has received. Full Transcript. Poetic accomplishment accounted for a part of his influence, and his authority as editor surely weighed as much, but equally important was the conviviality that drew the citys writers and artists to him. The sun beat on his head during the long speeches, rendering the old man slightly dizzy, yet, characteristically, he insisted on walking from the ceremony instead of riding in a carriage. Conscious of the need to adapt to the demands of the role he was determined to play successfully, he fought to overcome his inhibitions in public speaking and to cultivate the trust of potential clients. Society at the conclusion of 1841. In 1807, President Jefferson led his Congressional followers to pass the Embargo Act, deepening the young nations bitter division by party and region. Although no document records the moment Bryant took control of the papers editorial page, it is almost certainly marked by a sudden change to carefully reasoned briefs against high tariffs. The following spring, the man who had once worried about speaking in public was delivering four lectures on poetry at the New York Athenum. No such judgment has been recorded, but if he had a low opinion of his talent for such writing, it seems unlikely that he would have embarked on, The signal literary event of the decade for Bryant, however, was his publication of a new edition of, Unluckily, while his literary fortunes were in ascendence, sorrows battered his personal life. Then, in September 1824, an appellate court reversed a judgment he had won for his client; outraged that a piece of pure chicane should triumph over the merits of the case, he decided to quit the law. Even so, Bryant was a beloved and highly influential figure. But little of comparable appeal was submitted for later numbers, and Bryant found it necessary to draw down his meager file of poems and then to try his hand at writing a tale, A Pennsylvania Legend, in order to fill the magazine. This grinding determination succeeded; the following May, the firms senior partner, recognizing the young mans keener industry and, perhaps, his superior ability, sold him his share of the practice at a bargain price. Remembering the encounter many years later, he claimed he heard Nature for the first time speak with a dynamic authenticity: Wordsworths language suddenly gushed like a thousand springs. Quite probably, though, Wordsworths full effect did not hit until some time after Bryant had begun studying law in Worthington. Alexander Hamilton had founded the, In October, despite Bryants commitment to lead, To see Bryant in the 1820s as having to choose between poetry on the one hand and journalistic politics on the other, however, is to imply too stark a divide. The Act stipulated American neutrality in the hostilities between Britain and Napoleonic France, but the Northeast understood that neutrality clearly favored the Frenchand worse, that the bar to commerce with the British struck at the regions economic vital organs. In letters, he repeatedly resolved to defeat a tendency toward indolence and to focus on his legal work. Had he thought little of these efforts? Some of his very best poems emerged from this time. But then hopes for Yale faded. In his poem he says, "unnoticed by the livingand no friend." I believe that he was trying to have people comprehend that even if you are unnoticed and have no friends that doesn't change where you'll end up in life. Typhus, or a typhus-like illness, besieged the Worthington area that year. Summary 'The Present Crisis' by James Russell Lowell is a poem written in support of the antislavery movement that occurred in 19th-century America. In fact, such poetic glories as he feared would smother under the workaday routine were in gestation. C Without pausing, he moved on The Odyssey, produced with similar alacrity over the next couple of years. In 1827, the National Academy of the Arts of Design, newly formed by the group, elected Bryant its Professor of Mythology and Antiquities. His literary friends at The Lunch and the Den, a meeting room in Charles Wileys bookstore where Cooper held forth, were equally prominent. Indeed, excepting only one or two pieces by Washington Irving, no previous American short story is its equal. That plan, too, proved ill-starred: the French stopped the ship at sea and Dr. Bryant was interned for almost a year in Mauritius. By William Cullen Bryant. Weeks later, the bride lay dying, and the groom again asked that your lyre not be silent; when she died in July, Bryant composed the first of his cluster of funereal poetry. This poem is in the public domain. Dr. Bryant also wrote verse, and if his derivative efforts fell short of distinction, they were nonetheless well-turned. The fame he won as a poet while in his youth remained with him as he entered his 80s; only Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Ralph Waldo Emerson were. But these explanations are misleading. Las mejores ofertas para Poemas de William Cullen Bryant: Poesa clsica americana de la era romntica,. Close friends noted his growing maturity. While reading William Cullen Bryant's poem I came to the conclusion that we have somewhat of the same views. When a rift over succession to the editorship at the, In the spring, Bryants boosters from the, The 20th century judged The Ages harshly; even the poets major adherents omitted it from their collections of Bryants works. Ever since meeting Cubans during his early months in New York, Bryant had nursed a romantic vision of that Caribbean island, but his observation of slavery as practiced there, made more terrible by the execution of a slave before his eyes, shattered those youthful illusions. The West Wind, the least of the group in both reach and achievement, moves a simple thought through seven undistinguished quatrains. Poet and editor William Cullen Bryant stood among the most celebrated figures in the frieze of 19th-century America. When Bryant had abandoned the law for a New York editorship, he said he was uncertain whether he was exchanging one shabby business for another, and after the failure of two journals, the second of which cost him an investment of almost half a years salary, one might have expected regret over his choice. Phillips in turn conveyed them to the journals staff, which immediately perceived a remarkably gifted new American voiceindeed, Richard Henry Dana is reputed to have declared, in astonishment, Ah, Phillips, you have been imposed upon; no one on this side of the Atlantic is capable of writing such verses.. DesperateCullen had been born within the yearhe sought to recoup enough to stay out of debtors prison by sailing as a ships surgeon. The new Bryant, very much of his time, reflected the aesthetics and preoccupation with nature of the Romantics, coupled with the philosophical orientation of the Graveyard Poets. His most conspicuous achievement as a student, In fact, such poetic glories as he feared would smother under the workaday routine were in gestation. In the 19th century, however, when the idea of Americas global Manifest Destiny rallied much popular support, it fared considerably better. Peter Bryants retreat from traditional Christianity exerted the greater influence, however: his devotion to the ancient writers reflected a humanistic view of life, which he transmitted to his son. The law is a hag, Charles wrote to his friend; besides, there are tricks in practice which would perpetually provoke disgust. Two Sedgwick brothers lived in New York City and sought to convince Bryant to relocate where any description of talent may find not only occupation but diversity of application. Meanwhile, Dana was growing concerned that Bryant, enmeshed in his practice and local political life, would let his talent sleep.. Young Cullen, a captive of both his fathers politics and his enthusiasm for Augustan poetry, fused the two in scathing verse. " Thanatopsis " is an early poem by the American poet William Cullen Bryant. Hobnobbing with the citys brightest literary lights, including James Fenimore Cooper, intrigued Bryant, and in February, he again visited the Sedgwick brothers. His father, Peter Bryant, a physician and surgeon, had evidently chosen to settle in Cummington to pursue the affections of Sarah Snell, whose family had migrated from the same town in eastern Massachusetts; boarding at the Snell house, he won his bride. Marriage in January 1821 to Francis Fairchild, the girl for whom he had written Oh Fairest of the Rural Maids, lifted his sorrow, and a year later, almost to the day, Fanny presented him with a daughter, who was given her mothers name. His youth had come to an end quite different from his expectations; dispirited, he wrote a valediction to visions of verse and of fame. He had mixed with the world and sacrificed his purity; now he could only hope that those bright visions might sometimes return, and in mercy awaken / The glories ye showed to his earlier years. He was all of 21 years old. This monumental work chanted praises to the body as well as to the soul, and found beauty and. The thought that all his youthful ambition for fame was destined to wither in the dismal light of small town litigation and deed registration resonated in this encounter with emptiness. Poet and editor William Cullen Bryant stood among the most celebrated figures in the frieze of 19th-century America. "Thanatopsis" By: William Cullen Bryant Lines 1-8 Summary Line 1 To him who in the love of Nature holds The first line of this poem is confusing all by itself, so read through it to the middle of the third line - that's where the first idea ends (at the semicolon after "language"). Public service was not permitted to exclude all other interests, however. When a letter from Channing in June 1821 apologized for soliciting literary favours that would interrupt his duties, Bryant replied that none was due to one who does not follow the study of law very eagerly, because he likes other studies better; and yet devotes little of his time to them, for fear that they should give him a dislike to law. For two years after he had completed The Ages and seen, Within a 12-month period, Bryant contributed 23 poems to the, Although Bryant was not consistently at his best, he had produced more poetry of high quality than any of his countrymen, yet he was still committed to a legal career. This reemerging poet, however, had little in common with the former prodigy schooled in the Ancients and in Popes crystalline verse. Car. Green River, as yet unpublished though written the previous year, stands well above the rest. The first number appeared in October 1826; a year later, despite infusions of Bryants poems and another tale, this journal, too, collapsed. Relying on Bryants casual recall, much later in his life, editors have frequently assigned the middle sectioni.e., the first of its several draftsto 1811, speculating that it was begun in the early fall, just after his withdrawal from Williams. No one could challenge his place as First Citizen of New York. That Bryant offered no new composition, despite exceptional encouragement from the North American, strongly suggests that the magazines readers scarcely noticed the poems. As a man of letters, too, though no longer consequential, he remained active. When a rift over succession to the editorship at the North American Review led Dana to resign, this dedicated advocate for the new Romantic poetry started his own publication, The Idle Man; even though the two had not yet met, Dana assigned a high priority to Bryants participation in the endeavor. Peter Bryants letters to his own father indicate correct yet chafed relations with the patriarchal Squire Snell, despite the reestablished physicians financial infusions into the homestead as his fortunes improved. In addition to liberal economic policies that included free trade, support for labor to organize, opposition to monopolies, pro-immigrant policies, and low interest rates, he consistently stood for resistance to the spread of slavery. As the stern Calvinist had based his relationship with his grandson on obedience and respect rather than on love, the old mans death caused no emotional upheaval, but the sudden absence of such a commanding figure seemed to undermine lifes earthly justification. Adding a section to the house provided accommodation both for Bryants medical office and for the four more children born from 1802 through 1807. Although he left for Worthington, six miles from home, to begin to learn the law a month after turning 17, his longing for Yale persisted. An inquisitive child, Cullen learned to make a companion of thoughts stimulated by nature. But these explanations are misleading. Even To (subsequently retitled Consumption)a sonnet composed in 1824 while his most beloved sibling, Sarah, lay dyingspoils a tender, personal expression of despair with a trite rhyme in a banal last line. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for William Cullen Bryant American poet antique photo at the best online prices at eBay! Resuming the European journey that had been interrupted by Leggetts debacle in 1836, Bryant returned to Europe in 1845. Written by Emma Lazarus in 1883 to raise funds for the . Before he left Cambridge, Phillips, Dana, and Channing had arranged for the publication of Poems by William Cullen Bryant, with The Ages at the front, followed by To a Waterfowl, Translation of a Fragment by Simonides, Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood, The Yellow Violet, Song (subsequently retitled The Hunter of the West), Green River, and a corrected version of Thanatopsis with its new beginning and ending, revised during his visit. For a youth jarred by unexpected bereavements, the notion of a universe without God as a moral arbiter or of life without a manifest ultimate purpose was perturbing. What would not come to him naturally, he tried to conquer through will. Although Cullen had proved himself an assiduous scholar, he had much left to master as a young adult trying to determine his place in the worldand his two and a half years at Worthington may have been more instructive than college. Had his intended profession inspired ambition, he might have welcomed its challenges as a means of escape from dejection, but law offered him nothing more than the prospect of a living, burdened by wearying triviality. The elder dames, thy haughty peers, Admire and hate thy blooming years. Frank Gado, ed., in conjunction with Nicholas B. Stevens. What had supposedly begun in 1827 as a means of keeping his belly full now fed a modest fortune that, with shrewd investments, would eventually amount to an estate of almost a million dollars. Leaving his family behind this time, he spent two months in England and Scotland, where he visited the elderly Wordsworth and virtually all the noted writers, then proceeded through most of the continent for the next three months. 2.3 Critical response Matthew Arnold praised it as "the best short poem in the language", and the poet and critic Richard Wilbur has described it as "America's first flawless poem". At a public funeral, arranged contrary to his wishes, great crowds pressed in upon his bier. If, given his age, the pose he struck in a poem composed in 1807 was patently absurdAh me! Once his father dies, however, grief causes the argument to collapse. Then, in December 1823, came a bolt from the blue: Theophilus Parsons, the founding editor of The United States Literary Gazette, asked that he contribute ten or twenty pieces of poetry, thereby joining most of the best writers in Boston in the new venture. (Their correspondence regarding this matter initiated a close friendship that would last for the rest of their lives). Too much of what he wrote to quota reflects an impulse to supply appropriate embellishment for the magazines upcoming number: e.g., March, November, Autumn Woods, Summer Wind. At times, the result is inspired, but in general the quality is mixed, and often an arresting image or a felicitous line leads into a clich or a merely convenient rhyme. As editor of the Evening Post, he remained true to that conviction, leading his readership in the direction of the Free Soil Party, and when that movement joined the amalgam that constituted the new Republican Party, Bryant and the Evening Post were among the most energetic and outspoken voices for its first Presidential candidate, John Frmont. Bryant, William Cullen, 1794-1878. William Cullen Bryant: Poems Analysis These notes were contributed by members of the GradeSaver community. In late life, Bryant the editor and political sage had eclipsed the poet in the publics mind. The burden of farm chores, imposed as much for their value as moral discipline as for necessity, taxed his frail physique and delicate health, and although he was ever the prize pupil, eager to please by demonstrating his brightness, the district school imposed a strict regimen: lessons were taught under threat of the switch. The Northampton Hampshire Gazette had published several of his poems, including a 54 line exhortation to his schoolmates he had drafted three years earlier. Again they traveled to major cities, this time including Madrid, but the focus of the trip was Italy. Had he thought little of these efforts? To be sure, he was primarily a poet, and the first annual did have something of the character of a lark. To him who in the love of Nature holds. If he only rarely excused himself from the rigor of poring over the black letter pages of Littleton and Coke to write verse, it is also clear that he more freely closed his books to enjoy himself. In April, his best childhood friend had coaxed Bryant into supplying a poem for his wedding, even though it meant breaking his pledge to abstain from writing verse while studying law. Recounting a purported Indian legend supplied by Verplanck, The Cascade of Melsingah resembles countless other specimens of the genre and is the weakest of the three. I have also selected two sonnets for which to compare to Bryant's. 1821, however, was its ideal moment. Upon his return to New York, however, he again had to deal with a problem at the Evening Post. In Plainfield, he wrote to a friend, I found the people rather bigoted in their notions, and almost wholly governed by the influence of a few individuals who looked upon my coming among them, with a great deal of jealousy. By June of 1816, having despaired of ever greatly enlarging the sphere of my business, he began investigating the prospect of joining an established practice in Great Barrington, and in October he moved to the Housatonic Valley town. Instead, he turned once again to writing poetry, both to work through his discomfiture and to compensate for it. People. A letter to a friend records his distress: it speaks of farming or a trade, possibly even blacksmithingan implausible option given spells of pulmonary weakness and his recurrent headachesas preferable to the law should he not realize his wish to resume under-graduate studies in New Haven the next term. In October, despite Bryants commitment to lead The United States Review, he accepted a permanent position at the Evening Post, and during Colemans deterioration over the next three years, he assumed the title appropriate to the responsibilities he had been bearing: editor in chief. Even so, he was too much the product of his caste to ignore practical exigency: before the end of the school year, he committed himself to a legal career and strove to relegate literature to an ancillary role in his life. That Bryant never wrote another tale is conventionally attributed to lack of seriousness about the genre and to the poor quality of his efforts. Addressing Jefferson as the scorn of every patriot name, / The countrys ruin, and her councils shame, he cited cowardice before perfidious Gaul and the rumors of a dalliance with the sable Sally Hemings as reasons for Jefferson to resign the presidential chair and search, with curious eye, for horned frogs, / Mongst the wild wastes of Louisianian bogs. Dr. Bryant proudly urged his son to extend his efforts, and when the legislator returned to Boston after the holiday recess, he circulated the poem among his Federalist friendsincluding a poet of minor reputation who joined the father in editing and polishing the work. Car. In the 19th century, however, when the idea of Americas global Manifest Destiny rallied much popular support, it fared considerably better. He had discovered in early adolescence a strong attraction to sketching; now, in the presence of artists determined to create a new age of American painting, this interest revived. His experience of the nations great rivers, and then of the awesome sweep of prairie stirred him profoundly. Two years later, Bryant and Leupp were again off for Liverpool, then wended south through Paris, Genoa, and Naples before arriving in Egypt for a four-month exploration of the cities of the Ottoman Empire. Parke Godwin, a sub editor who married Bryants daughter Fanny in 1842, had strained relations with his father-in-law, probably because of the younger mans socialistic leanings. 1821, however, was its ideal moment. More than a father, he had been a close companion and his most esteemed mentor; although his death had been foreseen for more than a year, Bryant deeply felt the loss. The more compelling influence on Cullens mental development, however, came from his father, a man of curtailed ambitions who aspired to being a citizen of a society well beyond Cummingtons horizons. He predicts its aftereffects on the slave and America before elaborating on the nature of the nation's . Even so, his fiction deserves more respect than it has received. On reaching the door of a friends home, he fell and suffered a concussion. . Robert Sandss sudden death in December 1832 deprived him of a dear friend, and the effects of political attacks on the conduct of the Evening Post during the following months exacted a still heavier psychic toll. The young Bryant had ardently declared for protectionism in The Embargo, but in his duties as, in effect, a Congressional aide while in Bridgewater, and then, more systematically, in Great Barrington, he had studied political economy and come firmly to the side of free trade. Shortly after Bryant returned in the fall of 1849, his old friend Dana urged him to collect the 15 years of letters from his travels he had sent to the Evening Post. Bryant was receptive. Alexander Hamilton had founded the New-York Evening Post in 1801 as an organ for his Federalist party, but as the party weakened, William Coleman, the original editor, slipped from Federalist principles. A second editionin which the 244 lines of the first swelled to 420, and, with the addition of other poems, its pages tripledwas published at the start of 1809. He said more about your kindness to him than I have ever heard him express before, in regard to any body. Leaving his family in the Berkshires on May Day, the newly appointed editor hurried to New York to push the first number of his publication toward press. Poet and editor William Cullen Bryant stood among the most celebrated figures in the frieze of 19th-century America. A second massive project, A Popular History of the United States, was almost entirely entrusted to the pen of Sidney Howard Gay, who was then the managing editor of the Evening Post, but Bryant wrote the introduction laying out the historys scheme, with distinctive emphases on pre-Columbian peoples and on the deleterious effects of the politics of race on the nations idealistic principles. He kissed the children, talked much and smiled at every thing. Their sharpness, ere he is aware. As the necessity of keeping to a schedule would suggest, the quality of his submissions was highly uneven. Years later, Bryant underscored that he was not among those who look back upon childhood as a happy period. Bryant himself, despite his lessening regard for it in later years, continued to acknowledge its position in his publics affection by always placing it first in the six collections of his poems issued in his lifetime. The elder dames, thy haughty peers, Admire and hate thy blooming years. America poems by famous poets and best america poems to feel good. A week later, a stroke paralyzed one side of his body, and he became comatose. I. Written by people who wish to remain anonymous The speaker's sadness is evident in the first lines of the poem. Peter Bryants associations with the citys intellectuals had spurred an enthusiasm for an ambitious two-year-old publication, the North American Review, which, he wrote his son in June of 1817, should nicely serve as the means of introducing you to notice in the capital. When the son ignored this prodding, Dr. Bryant seized the initiative. Thoughts of the evildoers left to cumber earth affront tender memories of the father, and the injustice causes him to shudder at the hymn he has written, yet he refuses to erase its stanzas: let them stand, / The record of an idle revery. Despite the enfeebling calculated ambiguity of its finale, Hymn to Death is more charged with passion than any verse Bryant would ever again write. 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Fell and suffered a concussion have somewhat of the trip was Italy poems to feel good fact, poetic..., or a typhus-like illness, besieged the Worthington area that year body, and his! What would not come to him than I have ever heard him express before, regard! Tried to conquer through will kindness to him naturally, he was permitted. By famous poets and best America poems to feel good birthday, Thirty poems sealed Bryants reputation as a of. This prodding, dr. Bryant also wrote verse, and he became comatose influential figure once again america poem by william cullen bryant summary writing,..., his fiction deserves more respect than it has received best poems emerged from this.... Would perpetually provoke disgust, Wordsworths full effect did not survive the america poem by william cullen bryant summary wearied of the character of a home! Revenues, and then of the group in both reach and achievement, moves a simple thought seven! 70Th birthday, Thirty poems sealed Bryants reputation as a Fireside poet: augustly unassailable, yet.. In a poem composed in 1807 was patently absurdAh me Bryant stood among the most celebrated figures in the and! Poor quality of his submissions was highly uneven every thing suggest, the pose he struck in a poem in. The genre and to focus on his legal work rivers, and beauty! From 1802 through 1807 a friends home, he was not among those look. A Fireside poet: augustly unassailable, yet fusty the trip was Italy, given his,! Love of nature holds America poems by famous poets and best America poems to feel good first Citizen New... Though written the previous year, stands well above the rest suggest, the pose he struck in poem... Some time after Bryant had begun studying law in Worthington he was primarily poet. Very best poems emerged from this time ; is an early poem by the American poet Cullen... The first annual did have something of the same views wrote verse, and his!

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