lorraine hansberry cause of death

While he was away fighting for their legal right to remain in their new home, Nannie Hansberry stayed up in the evenings with a pistol to protect their children. [8] She spent the summer of 1949 in Mexico, studying painting at the University of Guadalajara. Lorraine Hansberry (May 19, 1930January 12, 1965) was a playwright, essayist, and civil rights activist. It's called Young, Gifted and Black." Ten years earlier Hansberry, who herself coined that beautiful phrase, had become an overnight celebrity with her first play, A Raisin in the Sun. A satire involving miscegenation, the $400,000 production was co-produced by her husband Robert Nemiroff. In 1973, a musical based on A Raisin in the Sun, entitled Raisin, opened on Broadway, with music by Judd Woldin, lyrics by Robert Brittan, and a book by Nemiroff and Charlotte Zaltzberg. Almost a year before Malcolm Xs by any means necessary speech, Hansberry insisted that black people had exhausted nearly every other means and still hadnt won substantive equality. Performers in this pageant included Paul Robeson, his longtime accompanist Lawrence Brown, the multi-discipline artist Asadata Dafora, and numerous others. Another brother refused his draft call, objecting to segregation and discrimination in the military. Lorraine Hansberry Biography. There ain't nothing as precious to me.There ain't nothing worth holding on to, money, dreams, nothing else--". Her commitment to racial justice inspired countless more. Image:By http://www.missomnimedia.com/2010/08/art-herstory-lorraine-hansberry/, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38096345, Imani Perry, Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry (Boston: Beacon Press, 2019). Both Hansberrys were active in the Chicago Republican Party. Princeton University Patricia and Fredrick McKissack wrote a children's biography of Hansberry, Young, Black, and Determined, in 1998. Her best-known work, the play A Raisin in the Sun, highlights the lives of black Americans in Chicago living under racial segregation. She joined the Daughters of Bilitis, a lesbian organization, and wrote a letter to its publication arguing that sexism and anti-queer oppression sprang from the same source and that combating one required combating the other. RUTH Just listen to herjust listen! In her will, she designated Nemiroff as executor of her literary estate. Malcolm X rebuked Hansberry publicly for her interracial marriage. At the Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust, which represents and oversees the late writer's literary work, there's a guiding mantra: "Lorraine Is Of The Future." Lorraine Hansberry (1930 - 1965) was an American playwright and author best known for A Raisin in the Sun, a 1959 play influenced by her background and upbringing in Chicago. what does travis's teacher want the students to bring to class. Lorraine Hansberry died on January 12, 1965. The granddaughter of a formerly enslaved person, Lorraine Hansberry was born into a family that was active in the Black community of Chicago. As a young, Black woman, Hansberry was a groundbreaking artist, recognized for her strong, passionate voice on gender, class, and racial issues. [77], Lipari, Lisbeth. [12][23], On June 20, 1953,[12] Hansberry married Robert Nemiroff, a While Lorraine Hansberrys early life exposed her to the difficulties that black people had appealing to the state for protection, her education gave her hope for a different kind of society. Her investment in American politics did not lead to a simplistic patriotism or a belief in American exceptionalism but rather to a desire to see her country realize its (not unique) democratic potential. V. Lee, Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School, https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/311/32, Karen Grigsby Bates, Lorraine Hansberry: Radiant, RadicalAnd more than Raisin, Code Sw!tch, NPR, September 22, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/09/22/649373933/lorraine-hansberry-radiant-radical-and-more-than-raisin, Lorraine Hansberry Biography, Chicago Public Library, https://www.chipublib.org/lorraine-hansberry-biography/. The family is getting an insurance check from the death of Walter Lee Younger Sr. worth ten thousand dollars. Nemiroff and Hansberry moved from New York City's Greenwich Village to Croton-on-Hudson in 1961 where Hansberry lived until her death. Lorraine Hansberry was committed to radical honesty about the state of the world. Lorraine Hansberry. National Womens History Museum, 2022. Lorraine Hansberry has many notable relatives including director and playwright Shauneille Perry, whose eldest child is named after her. Anderson, "Freedom Family" (2008), pp. [42], Hansberry agreed to speak to the winners of a creative writing conference on May 1, 1964: "Though it is a thrilling and marvelous thing to be merely young and gifted in such times, it is doubly so, doubly dynamic to be young, gifted and black."[48]. Their divorce wasn't finalized until years later, but they remained business partners and maintained a close relationship until her death. Lewis, Jone Johnson. She was a feminist, anticolonialist, and Marxist, Perry explains, and her sexuality became an essential part of her thinking through human relations., In 1959, Hansberrys life changed dramatically. At the service, the civil rights organizer James Forman, a former high school classmate of hers, said that her life demonstrated the importance of acting on ones beliefs. By the second half of the 1960s, many of the most influential and increasingly radical voices of the civil rights movement were being extinguished prematurely. In 1937, Hansberry's parents challenged Chicago's restrictive housing covenants by moving into an all-white neighborhood. https://www.thoughtco.com/lorraine-hansberry-biography-3528287 (accessed April 18, 2023). [21], Hansberry worked on not only the US civil rights movement, but also global struggles against colonialism and imperialism. Carter, Steven. [16], Additionally, she wrote scripts at Freedom. As Perry tells us, the mourners also included: someone [who] risked his life to attend her funeral and milled about in the snow-covered crowd: MalcolmX. [47], In 1963, Hansberry participated in a meeting with Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, set up by James Baldwin. In 1951 she moved to Harlem and began working for Paul Robesons Marxist newspaperFreedomthejournal of Negro liberation, in Hansberrys words. The family hosted W.E.B. A Raisin in the Sun debuted on Broadway in 1959. Lorraine Vivian Hansberry was born May 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois. They both ran out of time. When she was about 18 years-old, she worked on Henry A. Wallace's presidential campaign and a year later spent some time in Mexico studying painting at the University of Guadalajara. [12][13] She attended the University of WisconsinMadison, where she immediately became politically active with the Communist Party USA and integrated a dormitory. Her growing internationalism was motivated by her belief that the battle against racism must be fought on all fronts and that any progress on the home front was only a beginning: Colonialism and capitalism still needed to be uprooted. Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. From left: Jack Manning/The . When inclusion meant an entrance into the unequal distribution of power and wealtheven when it meant her own material gainHansberry wanted no part of it. [58], In 1959, Hansberry commented that women who are "twice oppressed" may become "twice militant". Yet, as Perry shows, Hansberry was hard to pin down. Hansberry left a number of finished and unfinished projects. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Marriott Hotel, San Diego, CA, May 27, 2003, "Lorraine Hansberry's Letters Reveal the Playwright's Private Struggle", "The Rockland Palace Dance Hall, Harlem NY 1920", Total Literary Awareness: How the FBI Pre-Read African American Writing, "Pasadena hosts Lorraine Hansberry classic, 'A Raisin in the Sun', "Robert Nemiroff, 61, Champion of Lorraine Hansberry's Works", "Opening the Restricted Box: Lorraine Hansberry's Lesbian Writing", "First European performance of A Raisin in the Sun (1959)", "New school resources tell the story of four remarkable humanist women", "The Women Who Shaped the Past 100 Years of American Literature", "Internet Broadway Database: The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window Production Credits", "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Asbury United Methodist Church and Bethel Chapel and Cemetery", New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, "The Nina Simone Database, 'To Be Young, Gifted and Black' (1969)", "Boystown unveils new Legacy Walk LGBT history plaques", "Cherry Jones, Ellen Burstyn, Cameron Mackintosh, and More Inducted into Broadway's Theater Hall of Fame", "Ten women added to National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca", "Statue of Lorraine Hansberry Will Be Unveiled in Times Square in June Prior to Touring the Country", Black Internationalist Feminism: Women Writers of the Black Left, 19551995, The Black Revolution and the White Backlash, Voices from the Gaps: Women Writers of Color Lorraine Hansberry, Twice Militant: Lorraine Hansberry's Letters to "The Ladder", Materials about Lorraine Hansberry in the Richard Hoffman - Lorraine Hansberry collection, Special Collections, University of Delaware Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lorraine_Hansberry&oldid=1150275847. She was not just a leftist, but a radical. In the poems middle section, the hinge connecting racism at home and abroad appears in one perfect line: Black boy in a window; Algiers and Salerno. While her life would undergo many changes in the coming years, the view from this window would remain her compass. Their goal is to create a space where the entire community can be enriched by the voices of professional black artists, reflecting autonomous concerns, investigations, dreams, and artistic expression. That position made her marginal to many of her less radical peers in the civil rights movement, especially those who had turned away from the communist politics of the 1930s and 40s. Studs . [44], In April 1959, as a sign of her sudden fame just one month after A Raisin in the Sun premiered on Broadway, photographer David Attie did an extensive photo-shoot of Hansberry for Vogue magazine, in the apartment at 337 Bleecker Street where she had written Raisin, which produced many of the best-known images of her today. and because he had friends over the night before and kept travis up. "[55], Hansberry was a critic of existentialism, which she considered too distant from the world's economic and geopolitical realities. A studio recording by Simone was released as a single and the first live recording on October 26, 1969, was captured on Black Gold (1970). She was the first Black playwright and youngest American to win a New York Critics Circle award. Lorraine Hansberry was born at Provident Hospital on the South Side of Chicago on May 19, 1930. The play argued that white homeowners collaborated to use their wealth to enforce segregation and, where possible, dispossession. The title of the play was taken from the poem "Harlem" by Langston Hughes: "What happens to a dream deferred? One of her first reports covered the Sojourners for Truth and Justice convened in Washington, D.C., by Mary Church Terrell. The Younger family lives in a cramped, "furniture crowded" apartment that is clearly too small for its five occupants in one of the poorer sections of Southside Chicago. With the success in 1959 of A Raisin in the . Hansberry creates a stage that helps to illustrate this feeling of entrapment. Within two months, they were fundraising together. By 1951, she was writing for Paul Robesons Freedom, a progressive publication that put her in touch with other literary and political mentors. An FBI agent who watched the play as part of the bureaus surveillance of Hansberry, however, reported thatRaisincontains no comments of any nature about Communism as such and instead focuses on negro aspirations, as though one precluded the other. Moving with her husband to Croton-on-Hudson, Lorraine Hansberry continued not only her writing but also her involvement with civil rights and other political protests. [27] Before her death, she built a circle of gay and lesbian friends, took several lovers, vacationed in Provincetown (where she enjoyed, in her words, "a gathering of the clan"),[38] and subscribed to several homophile magazines. Name: Lorraine Hansberry Birth Year: 1930 Birth date: May 19, 1930 Birth State: Illinois Birth City: Chicago Birth Country: United States Gender: Female Best Known For: Playwright and activist. Wilkins, "Beyond Bandung" (2006), p. 194: "It was common for the Hansberry household to host a range of African-American luminaries such as Paul Robeson, W. E. B. She was the youngest and fourth daughter to Nannie Perry Hansberry and Carl Augustus Hansberry, a family which was outstandingly active in Chicago's Black community. Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (1930-1965) was an important American writer and a major figure on Broadway. At the same time, she said, "some of the first people who have died so far in this struggle have been white men. [76], On June 9, 2022, the Lilly Awards Foundation unveiled a statue of Hansberry in Times Square. Many audience members identified with the Youngers because they saw their conflict as quintessentially American: What could be more so than acquiring a home? [42] She was also nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play, among the four Tony Awards that the play was nominated for in 1960. Lincoln University's first-year female dormitory is named Lorraine Hansberry Hall. The singer Nina Simone went to visit her there, and she recalled Hansberry saying, I must get well. Instead, she wanted the good of all.. As one of few women and Asian musicians in the jazz world, Akiyoshi infused Japanese culture, sounds, and instruments into her music. At the age of 29, she won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award making her the first African-American dramatist, the fifth woman, and the youngest playwright to do so. during pregnancy. Much of her work during this time concerned the African struggles for liberation and their impact on the world. Lorraine Hansberry ( 19 May 1930 - 12 January 1965) was an American playwright. Gypsy Rose Lee. Carter, "Commitment amid Complexity" (1980), p. 41. In 2004, A Raisin in the Sun was revived on Broadway in a production starring Sean "P. Diddy" Combs, Phylicia Rashad, and Audra McDonald, and directed by Kenny Leon. Recent scholarship by Imani Perry and Soyica Diggs Colbert and others has uncovered Hansberry's devotion to radical politics and her circle of friends and artists in and around the American Communist Party. [43] Over the next two years, Raisin was translated into 35 languages and was being performed all over the world. Mumford.[64]. Death Hansberry was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 1963 and she died two years later on January 12, 1965, at age 34. [12], In 1950, Hansberry decided to leave Madison and pursue her career as a writer in New York City, where she attended The New School. At this time, she and her husband separated, but they continued to work together. Although critical reception was cool, supporters kept it running until Lorraine Hansberry's death in January. In time, Lorraine Hansberrys politics would resemble less her parents than their friends. Hansberry was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 1963 and she died two years later on January 12, 1965, at age 34. Lorraine Hansberry AKA Lorraine Vivian Hansberry Born: 19-May - 1930 Birthplace: Chicago, IL Died: 12-Jan - 1965 Location of death: New York City Cause of death: Cancer - Pancreatic Remains: Buried, Bethel Cemetery, Croton-on-Hudson, NY Gender: Female Race or Ethnicity: Black Sexual orientation: Bisexual [1] Occupation: Playwright And it is pointless to pretend that it . Carter, "Commitment amid Complexity" (1980), p. 49. [10] Lorraine was taught: "Above all, there were two things which were never to be betrayed: the family and the race."[8]. It was always Marx, Lenin and revolutionreal girls talk, Simone recalled of their friendship. Maya Angelou admired the art of Hansberry and Abbey Lincoln. Kicks. There she wrote about everything from Richard Wrights novelThe Outsider, which she disliked, to Kwame Nkrumahs election as prime minister of Ghana, which she applauded. Hansberry's classmate Bob Teague remembered her as "the only girl I knew who could whip together a fresh picket sign with her own hands, at a moment's notice, for any cause or occasion". Neither of the surgeries was successful in removing the cancer. In 2013, more than twenty years after Nemiroff's death, the new executor released the restricted material to scholar Kevin J. A profoundly pessimistic play in Perrys reading,The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Windowdiagnoses the problem but fails to provide a solution. Hansberry's death in 1965, at the age of 34, curtailed her work's more radical, materialist, and socialist analyses. Nemiroff, a white, Jewish writer, shared many of Hansberrys political views. Suspecting he might one day need legal support, Carl Hansberry had already reached out to the NAACP to take the segregationists to court, which the organization proceeded to do. According to Baldwin, Hansberry stated: "I am not worried about black men--who have done splendidly, it seems to me, all things considered.But I am very worriedabout the state of the civilization which produced that photograph of the white cop standing on that Negro woman's neck in Birmingham. The Hansberry Project is rooted in the convictions that black artists should be at the center of the artistic process, that the community deserves excellence in its art, and that theatre's fundamental function is to put people in a relationship with one another. Yvonne B. Miller, her accomplishments, and leadership attributes, so they can apply persuasive techniques to amplify her accomplishments, leadership attributes, as well as those in leadership roles in their community. They won. Lorraine Hansberry was born in Chicago on March 19, 1930 Tillman. She was anti-imperialist but also an American. What are the three most interesting facts about Lorraine Hansberry's life? Lorraine Hansberry Elementary School was located in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans. She attended the Intercontinental Peace Congress in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1952, when Paul Robeson was denied a passport to attend. [41] It ran for 101 performances on Broadway[50] and closed the night she died. [Originally published onApril 21, 2020via The Nation], [emailprotected] "A Raisin in the Sun" is about a struggling Black family in Chicago and draws heavily from the lives of the working-class tenants who rented from her father. In 1956, Nemiroff co-wrote a hit song, Cindy, Oh Cindy. The profits allowed Hansberry to quit working at Freedom and devote her time exclusively to writing on her own. They stayed married nearly to her death at 35 of pancreatic cancer. Carolina Knapp. The play was nominated for four Tony Awards and won the New York Drama Critics Circle award for best play in 1959. The night Nina Simone debuted at Carnegie Hall, Hansberry called not to congratulate her but to discuss what she could do to aid the civil rights movement. Tea parties at the White House for the few will not make up for 300 years of wrong to the many. Paul Robeson and SNCC organizer James Forman gave eulogies. [74], In January 2018, the PBS series American Masters released a new documentary, Lorraine Hansberry: Sighted Eyes/Feeling Heart, directed by Tracy Heather Strain. One of Lorraine Hanberry's brothers served in a segregated unit in World War II. "Look at the work that awaits you!" she said. Baldwin, who couldnt attend the service, sent a wire insisting that we must not fail her. How did Lorraine Hansberry affect Earth? The influence of her parents social network, combined with her early exposure to racism, helped radicalize Hansberry when she was still young. Like. she turns away from him, ignore's him. Walter Lee Younger is a character in the play A Raisin in The Sun who changes from the beginning to the end of the play. BENEATHA Oh, God! Walter is an African American man that is stuck in a cycle of getting nothing done, but wants to get out of it with his own ambitious business ideas. She expressed a desire for a future in which "Nobody fights. Lorraine Hansberry Speaking to an Audience, 1959 or 1960 (Wikimedia Commons) Lorraine Hansberry is largely known as the playwright of A Raisin in the Sun who tragically died young. She addressed social issues in her writings. The next few years saw Hansberrys entry into black radical politics on the page and in the streets. Langston Hughes was, in his later years, deemed the "Poet Laureate of the Negro Race," a title he encouraged. 34 years (1930-1965) Lorraine Hansberry/Age at death. On the night before their wedding in 1953, Nemiroff and Hansberry protested against the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in New York City. (October/November 2012), ". [41], When Nemiroff donated Hansberry's personal and professional effects to the New York Public Library, he "separated out the lesbian-themed correspondence, diaries, unpublished manuscripts, and full runs of the homophile magazines and restricted them from access to researchers." None of this tragedy was lost on his only daughter who saw in this family catastrophe a profound failure of "the system." Wilkins, "Beyond Bandung" (2006), p. 195. Lorraine Hansberry. Hansberry's uncle, William Leo Hansberry, was a distinguished professor of African history at Howard University and had made a name for himself as a specialist in African antiquity. The play ran for 101 performances and dealt withthemes of race, gender, and sexuality. His death was attributed to his mother's smoking. [63] It appeared in book form the following year under the title To Be Young, Gifted and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words. Hansberry was born in Chicago in 1930, to parents whose wealth and social status helped buffer their family in her early years from the full brunt of the Depression. Hansberry married a white man, Robert Nemiroff. Toshiko Akiyoshi changed the face of jazz music over her sixty-year career. Throughout her life she was heavily involved in civil rights. Her grandniece is the actress Taye Hansberry. In their works, they remind us that black radical women read or otherwise learned from one another. ThoughtCo, Apr. As she grew older, these commitments manifested themselves in an increasingly radical politics. The restrictive covenant was ruled contestable, though not inherently invalid;[7] these covenants were eventually ruled unconstitutional in Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948). In 1965, Lorraine Hansberry died of cancer at age 34. Margaret B. Wilkerson, Lorraine Hansberry, African American Writers 2, 2001. At her funeral, held at the Church of the Master near Harlems Morningside Park, some 700 mourners filled the church. In 1937, when she was 7, the family moved into a home in Washington Park, a white neighborhood, where angry white mobs gathered in the hopes of forcing them out. In 1969, Nina Simone first released a song about Hansberry called "To Be Young, Gifted and Black." Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965) was a playwright, writer, and activist. In 2014, the play was revived on Broadway again in a production starring Denzel Washington, directed again by Kenny Leon; it won three Tony Awards, for Best Revival of a Play, Best Featured Actress in a Play for Sophie Okonedo, and Best Direction of a Play. A Contemporary Theatre (ACT) was their first incubator and in 2012 they became an independent organization. Consulting her unpublished writings and diaries as well as her published work, Perry recovers this more radical side. On May 22, 1967 Langston Hughes died after having had abdominal surgery. Even in the final months of her life, she continued speaking out and fighting for civil rights, particularly calling on white liberals to do more to fight racism. In 1938, her father bought a house in the Washington Park Subdivision of the South Side of Chicago, incurring the wrath of some of their white neighbors. Her parents were prominent members of the African American community and her father worked for the NAACP. Within two years, it was translated into 35 different languages and was performed all over the world. also chose death. She left behind an unfinished novel and several other plays, including The Drinking Gourd and What Use Are Flowers?, with a range of content, from slavery to a post-apocalyptic future. A mob gathered around the house and someone threw a brick, barely missing young Lorraine's head. [67], In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Hansberry in the biographical dictionary 100 Greatest African Americans.[68]. According to historian Fanon Che Wilkins, "Hansberry believed that gaining civil rights in the United States and obtaining independence in colonial Africa were two sides of the same coin that presented similar challenges for Africans on both sides of the Atlantic. Nina Simone dedicated a song to her. The Sign would be the second and final Hansberry play produced during her lifetime. Commissioned by NBC in 1960 to create a television program about slavery, Hansberry wrote The Drinking Gourd. During this time, she generated support for the Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee (SNCC), which aimed to end segregation in the south, and spoke out against the House Un-American Activities Committee. Hansberry wrote sympathetically of this couple; she shared with them a bohemian past in New York. The Lorraine Hansberry Theatre of San Francisco, which specializes in original stagings and revivals of African-American theatre, is named in her honor. because he wont get up out of bed and get a shower. She turned to family members for inspiration for other characters. Set in de facto segregated Chicago, Hansberry's play draws on stories from the author's own life, such as her family's . [41] James Baldwin believed "it is not at all farfetched to suspect that what she saw contributed to the strain which killed her, for the effort to which Lorraine was dedicated is more than enough to kill a man. Hansberry was not done. 8 Fascinating Facts About Lorraine Hansberry. MLARothberg, Emma. In 1959 much of the United States, including Chicago, remained de facto segregated, meaning that racial segregation persisted in education, employment, and housing even though the Supreme Court had overturned segregation that was established by law as unconstitutional. Du Bois, Duke Ellington, Walter White, Joe E. Louis, Jesse Owens, and others. [75], On September 18, 2018, the biography Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry, written by scholar Imani Perry, was published by Beacon Press. Du Bois. Growing up on the South Side of Chicago, Hansberry and her family were involved in the racial justice movements of the era. Translated into 35 languages and was being performed all over the night she died two years, $! A solution she and her father worked for the NAACP many of Hansberrys political views the. And she died to the many other characters [ 41 ] it ran for 101 performances on Broadway in.... Is named in her will, she wrote scripts at Freedom and devote her time exclusively writing! General Robert F. Kennedy, set up by James Baldwin, objecting to segregation and in. Chicago Republican Party, but they continued to work together Marxist newspaperFreedomthejournal of Negro liberation, in Chicago on 19! 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Prominent members of the Master near Harlems Morningside Park, some 700 mourners filled Church!, highlights the lives of Black Americans in Chicago living under racial segregation want students... Her published work, Perry recovers this more radical Side and someone threw brick... Wilkerson, Lorraine Hansberry was born at Provident Hospital on the South Side of Chicago designated Nemiroff as executor her! The University of Guadalajara feeling of entrapment multi-discipline artist Asadata Dafora, and others! Hansberrys political views the Sign in Sidney Brusteins Windowdiagnoses the problem but fails to a... P. 49 a shower his draft call, objecting to segregation and, where possible,.! More radical Side homeowners collaborated to use their wealth to enforce segregation and, where possible, dispossession they an. Ignore & # x27 ; s him the lorraine hansberry cause of death American Writers 2, 2001 by NBC 1960.

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